Department of clinical pharmacy offers two kinds of Ph.D. programs. One is same as other departments in school of pharmacy and designed for highly motivated and qualified individuals who have got a master degree in relevant majors. The core areas of Ph.D. training in clinical pharmacy are 1) drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics; 2) pharmacogenomics. The candidate will be required to complete necessary and an independent research project. The other type of Ph.D. program is called “4+4” doctoral program of clinical pharmacy and only available for undergraduate students of clinical pharmacy from Fudan University. This “4+4” Ph.D program will prepare students for a career as a clinical pharmacist of high level who can provide clinical practice for rational use of drugs in hospitals.